Pneumatic tire.



1. VF. PALMER.'

PNEUMATIC TIRE.-

APPLlcATIoN FILED APR. 3o. 1914.

Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

J. F.y PALMER. P`NEuMAT|c URE.

APFLICATION, FILED APR- 30 |914.

1,293,528, Patented Feb.4,1919.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. F. PALMER.

'PNEUMATIC TIRE. 1,293,528.

APPICATION FILED APR- 30. 1914.

Patented Feb. 4, 1919.

JOHN' F. lf'ALMEIm 0F RIVERSIDE, ILLINOIS.

PNEUMATIC TIRE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. d, 19MB.

Application led April 30, 1914. Serial No. 835,489.

which the' following is a speciiication.

My invention relates in general to pneumatic tires, and moreparticularly to a pneumatic tire casing which will have a predeterminedcross section of restricted radial extent.

'It is well-known in the art of pneumatic tires that the pressure of theconfined compressed air tends to impart to the tire a circular crosssection, and also that the greater the weight to be supported thegreater must be the volume of the supporting compressed air. It isfurther wellknown that the closer the edge of the rim is to the surfaceover which the wheel travels the more economical of power will the tirebe. It is therefore desirable that pneumatic tiresl should have a crosssection of radial extent only suiicient to produce the requisitecushioning actionin smoothing out road inequalities by receiving theinequalities in the tire.

Inasmuch as a suiicient volume of compressed air to support a lheavyloadwould necessitate a large tire, the normal tendency7 of the compressedair to impart to such a tire a circular cross sec-tion necessarilyresults in the edge of the rim of the wheels being at such a distancefrom the surface traveled y over as to render the transmission of poweruneconomical. In order to overcome this diiiiculty it has beenheretofore necessary to prof vide each wheel. of a vehicle adapted tocarry heavy loads with a plurality of pneu-..

matic tires in order that suflicient volume of compressed air may beutilized to support the load and at the same time permit the location ofthe rims of the wheels suiiiciently close tothe surface traveled over toavoid the ineiicient transmission of .power which would be present if asingle tirefor each Wheel were employed of sufficient size to containthe requisite volume of compressed air.

The primary object of my .invention isto provide a pneumatic tire havinga cross section under inflation which will present most,

advantageous width for weight carrying capacity and which will have onlythe minimum radial depth necessary. to provide the requisite cushioningaction, so that the wheel rim may be as close as practicableto thesurface traveled over and the driving power thereby most. eflicientlytransmitted.

A further object of my invention is to provide a pneumatic tire whichWhen iniated will be maintained in the most eiliclent cross section forsupporting a maximum weight and for most economically "transmitting apower from the wheel rim to the surface traveled over.

A further object of my invention is to provide a pneumatic tirecomprising a surrounding bond for .preventing the compressed airconfined in the tire from radially distending the tire beyond apredetermined degree.. l

A still further object of my invention is to provide an improvedpneumatic tire Awhich will be comparatively simple in construction,durable in use, and efiicient in operation. 1

My invention will be more fully disclosed hereinafter with reference tothe accompanying drawings, .in which the same is illustrated as embodiedin several convenient and practical forms, and in which- Figure l is across sectional perspective view of one form of my improved tire mountedupon a rim.

Fig.v 2 a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another formrof my invention;

Fig. 3 a view-similar to Fig. 2 illustrating still another specificembodiment of my in` vention;

Fig. 4 a view similar to Figs. 2 and 3 of Ea further specific form of myinvention;

Fig. 5 a view similar to Fig. l disclosing still another form of myinvention;

Fig. 6 an elevational View of a portion of a wheel having thereon theform of my invention shown in Fig. 4, parts being broken away to betterdisclose the construction of the tire; and

Fig. 7 a view-similar` to Fig. 6 illustrating the form of my inventionshown in Fig. 3 as applied to a wheel.

Similar reference characters are used to` designate similar parts in theseveral figures of the drawings. I

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, reference letter A indicates t-hefelly of a wheel having therein a rim B provided'with peripheral sideanges b, C designates a pneullOtii matic tire casing having beads calong the inner peripheries of its sides adapted to be seated within theflanges b of the rimB.

The tire casing C comprises a strain-resisting fabric D rurrounded by atread D. rlhe tire is built on a form having a cross section to impartto the finished tire casing the desired depth and Width. Any suitablestrain-resisting fabric may be employed, and the tire casing may bebuilt by any desired method, preferably, however` a strain-resistingfabric is used and a method of construction followed, such as disclosedin United States Patent No. 924,572, granted to-me on June 8, 1909.

In order to limit Ithe radial distention of the tire fby the compressedair confined therein, so that the tire when inflated will have a lessradial depth and greater width than would normally be imparted to thetire by the pressure of confined air, I surround the tire casing with aninexpansifble bond E, which is preferably formed of an endless chainring. The circumference of the ring is so related to the circumferenceof the tire casing that when the tire is inflated the longitudinalcentral portion thereof ywill be prevented frorn expanding beyond theextent determined by the circumference of the surrounding ring.

If desired, the surrounding ring E may be located within a channel Fformed at the longitudinal center of the tread of the tire casmg.

WhenA thebtire is to be used upon a wheel having a wide felly, as isnecessary in the case of Wheels of vehicles adapted to carry heavyloads, it is preferable that the tire should be provided with aplurality of longitudinal bonds surrounding the same, in order that across section may be imparted to the tire when iniia-ted which will havea comparatively short radial depth and a cornparatively great width.Qneembodiment ofr thisform of my invention is illus-trated in Fig. 2 inwhich C designates the tire casing around 'which are located a pluralityof inexpansible rings E', E2, E3 and E4, 'which are preferably formedofA chain. The rings may be, and preferably are, located in longitudinalchannels F', F2, F3 and F1 formed in the tread of the tire casing.

In the form of my invention in which a plurality ofparallelineX-pansible rings are provided for restricting the radialexpansion of the tire, fthe adjacent rings may be united by connectionse', e2 and es. This construction is shown in Fig. 3, in which E2designates the tire casing having the parallel lon# ygitudinal channels,F', F2, F3 and Fi formed therein to receive the surrounding inexpansiblerings. The tread of the tire casing may also be provided with transversechannels connecting the adjacent longitudinal channels, Within which liethe transverse connection e e2 and e which unite the adjacent rings.

In Fig. 4 ication ofthe form of my invention shown in Fig. 3, in whichthe transverse connecting members e', c2, and e3,- which uni-te theadjacent rings E, E2, EF and E4, are not seated I have illustrated aslight modil within channels formed in the tread of the tread D of thetire C4. The bond is shown as formed of a chain ring E5 of such a cir'-cumference as to so limit the radial eXpansion of the -tire casing astoV impart to the tire when inflated a Icross section of the desiredradial depth and width.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that I haveinvente-dan improved pneumatic tire, which when inflated rvvill have apredetermined cross section so as to present the most advantageous widthfor weight carrying capacity with the minimum depth for giving the mostelicient power transmission with suiicient receptiveness to fullyprovide the pneumatic function of leveling inequalities. It will fbeevident that in my improved pneumatic tire the tendency of the confinedcompressed air to impart to the tire a circular cross section is sorestrained as to reduce the radial depth of the tire to such an extentas to givethe most elicient power transmitting results withoutinterfering withthe, essential pneumatic action of absorbinginequalities inthe road. It will be further evident that in my improvedpneumatic tire a volume ofcompressed air may be employed adequate tosupport maxi- .mum loa'ds without decreasing the power from the spacingof the `wheel rim a distance away from the surface traveled overincident to a large volume of compressed air unlrestrictedly confinedwithin the tire. -It'will be further seen that in my improved tire awide contact is provided between the tread of the tire and the surfacetraveled over so as to provide an increased traction, which traction isfurther, increased by the projec'" ition of the restricting chain ringsradially beyond the tread of the tire. I claim: Y

The combination with a relatively Wide tire rim, of a pneumatic tirecasing mounted upon and of substantially the same width as said rim, anda traction increasing bond surrounding said casing for restricting theradial distention of said casing and imparting thereto a radial depthless than the In testimony whereof, I have su'bsoribed my name.

JOHN F. PALMER.

TWitnesses:

GEO'. L. WILKINSON, HENRY A. PARKS.

